Wednesday, September 2, 2020

An Analysis of Religion by an Athiest Essay -- essays research papers

     The individual all in all, brain and body, is a perplexing and exceptional creature that can be handily impacted by society. Since individuals are so effectively vulnerable to be impacted by others, every individual must depend on their convictions so as to make a judgment that is ethically and morally satisfying through their insight and encounters. A person’s ethics and morals are framed through their strict convictions and practices. Ethics and morals permit one to settle on a learned and capable choice. One’s strict and profound convictions shapes and forms the brain, body, and soul of the individual. Every religion has its own extraordinary standards, a rundown of do’s and don’ts that set the establishment for their good and moral convictions. Regular individuals are given circumstances in which that individual must show up at the arrangement through gauging every conceivable alternative ethically and morally. At the point when one is g one up against with a circumstance wherein they should utilize their own insight, experience, otherworldly convictions and practices to gauge every choice ethically and morally and pick what best suits their strict convictions. All together for an individual to have the option to accurately dissect and gauge every alternative the person in question ought to have full information on each accessible choice and their results. To gauge every arrangement appropriately, an individual must utilize their strict convictions and information to assess each part of the choice. In religion, there are four principle factors that make it feasible for a strictly edified individual to unravel between the ethically and morally right and wrong choice. Individuals are instructed through the lessons and convictions of their God to recognize what â€Å"the beautiful† and â€Å"the holy and transcendent† are and how to decode between what is acceptable and what is insidious. A religionâ€⠄¢s portrayal of what â€Å"the beautiful†, hallowed, and transcendent† are makes one’s reason for their good and moral convictions. Through one’s otherworldly information and comprehension of â€Å"the beautiful†, sacrosanct, and transcendent† permits one to recognize â€Å"the good† and â€Å"the evil.† In request for an individual to pick the best choice the individual must have a solid handle, mentally and profoundly, on the ideas of â€Å"the beautiful†, â€Å"the holy and transcendent†, â€Å"the good†, and â€Å"the evil†. The ideas of every one of the components must be completely comprehended by that person to de... ...dered to be the most elevated types of malice. For some the allurement they sense from detestable is compelling and they submit a wrongdoing for which they can't be excused. I accept that it is through one’s profound, physical, and mental quality that he or she’s capacity to decode between â€Å"the great and â€Å"the evil† is created. The more grounded the individual, the less helpless the person in question is to â€Å"the evil,† the other way around. I accept that the will and generally speaking quality of the individual builds up their capacity to battle â€Å"the evil.† â€Å"The fiendish, the great, the sacrosanct and extraordinary, and the beautiful† are totally decided through the strict practices and convictions of a person. Thus, the individual must utilize their insight into great and fiendishness to build up their own good and moral principles as per the lessons of Jesus Christ. Utilizing these guidelines individuals join the ir otherworldly and scholarly information on â€Å"the excellent, the consecrated and extraordinary, the great, and the evil† to disentangle â€Å"the good† from â€Å"the evil.† Without strict experience and practices we would not have the data accessible to intentionally pick â€Å"good† over â€Å"evil† and make progress toward profound, physical, and mental flawlessness. An Analysis of Religion by an Athiest Essay - papers research papers      The individual all in all, brain and body, is an extremely intricate and extraordinary creature that can be effectively impacted by society. Since individuals are so effectively powerless to be affected by others, every individual must depend on their convictions so as to make a judgment that is ethically and morally satisfying through their insight and encounters. A person’s ethics and morals are framed through their strict convictions and practices. Ethics and morals permit one to settle on a learned and mindful choice. One’s strict and otherworldly convictions shapes and forms the psyche, body, and soul of the individual. Every religion has its own one of a kind standards, a rundown of do’s and don’ts that set the establishment for their good and moral convictions. Ordinary individuals are given circumstances in which that individual must show up at the arrangement through gauging every conceivable choice ethically and morally. At the poi nt when one is defied with a circumstance wherein they should utilize their own insight, experience, otherworldly convictions and practices to gauge every alternative ethically and morally and pick what best suits their strict convictions. All together for an individual to have the option to effectively dissect and gauge every alternative the person in question ought to have full information on each accessible choice and their results. To gauge every arrangement appropriately, an individual must utilize their strict convictions and information to assess each part of the alternative. In religion, there are four principle factors that make it feasible for a strictly illuminated individual to decode between the ethically and morally right and wrong choice. Individuals are taught through the lessons and convictions of their God to recognize what â€Å"the beautiful† and â€Å"the sacrosanct and transcendent† are and how to unravel between what is acceptable and what is ins idious. A religion’s delineation of what â€Å"the beautiful†, hallowed, and transcendent† are makes one’s reason for their good and moral convictions. Through one’s profound information and comprehension of â€Å"the beautiful†, hallowed, and transcendent† permits one to recognize â€Å"the good† and â€Å"the evil.† In request for an individual to pick the best choice the person in question must have a strong handle, mentally and profoundly, on the ideas of â€Å"the beautiful†, â€Å"the consecrated and transcendent†, â€Å"the good†, and â€Å"the evil†. The ideas of every one of the elements must be completely comprehended by the person in question to de... ...dered to be the most elevated types of underhandedness. For some the allurement they sense from underhanded is powerful and they submit a transgression for which they can't be excused. I accept that it is through one’s otherworldly, physical, and mental quality that he or she’s capacity to unravel between â€Å"the great and â€Å"the evil† is created. The more grounded the individual, the less helpless the person in question is to â€Å"the evil,† the other way around. I accept that the will and generally quality of the individual builds up their capacity to battle â€Å"the evil.† â€Å"The abhorrent, the great, the consecrated and extraordinary, and the beautiful† are completely decided through the strict practices and convictions of a person. Thus, the individual must utilize their insight into great and abhorrence to build up their own good and moral norms as indicated by the lessons of Jesus Christ. Utilizing these measures individu als join their profound and scholarly information on â€Å"the excellent, the hallowed and extraordinary, the great, and the evil† to disentangle â€Å"the good† from â€Å"the evil.† Without strict experience and practices we would not have the data accessible to intentionally pick â€Å"good† over â€Å"evil† and take a stab at otherworldly, physical, and mental flawlessness.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Building New Brands on the Internet

Shoppers are the primary wellspring of incomes and benefits of numerous organizations. Organizations consistently attempt to guarantee that their consumers’ government assistance are noted and considered in their dynamic. Organizations plan their advertising effort dependent on what their objective market needs. They attempt to make a name and notoriety for themselves that would be â€Å"loved† by the entirety of their shoppers and keep them returning. Organizations do this by doing regular types of showcasing methodology which all around arranged. A portion of these showcasing systems are those that individuals see ordinary, all around, in various forms.These can be commercials in announcements, radio, TV, papers, flyers, and so on. Be that as it may, as innovation keeps on introducing new methods for correspondence, these structures have now advanced and now incorporate media, for example, cell phones and the web. Marking Defined What most organizations need is for th eir names or brands to be famous and notable. Most business people and friends officials consider marking top need in their â€Å"to-do† list. A few people feel that marking is simply only a name or a logo that speaks to the organization or the product.In its most genuine embodiment, marking is, truth be told, more than that. Dunn characterizes marking as ‘a requesting, complex procedure that requires taught consideration over an all-encompassing timeframe. ’ For organization heads who are not kidding in establishing a long term connection and an incredible picture for their organization or item, marking is a significant piece of their ordinary obligations. Dunn clarifies more: Branding is claiming a solitary thought, idea or feeling in the psyche or heart of the client. Here and there it’s only a word. An expression. An idea. A feeling. Whatever it is, you need to possess it in the brain of the customer.A brand separates you from the opposition. It makes your item, administration or experience unique in relation to all others. It lets you stand apart from the group. Without separation, you may wind up contending just on cost. What's more, with cost, there is by all accounts no base to the base. Markets today are amazingly serious and advancing beyond contenders and winning the hearts of clients are extremely significant for any organization. Clients currently are additionally significantly more astute and more intelligent than previously. They comprehend what they need and they ensure that what they disparage is up to their set standards.Branding, without a doubt, is a deep rooted exertion as persistent improvement is vital so as to stay aware of the present requests of clients. What individuals need today may not be a similar tomorrow. Points of interest and Disadvantages of Branding Every company’s objectives are to be ahead in the business it has a place, be known to its objective market and be beneficial. A significant fa ctor in accomplishing these objectives is to make a brand that will establish a long term connection to the company’s target market and make clients love it. Successful marking requires a great deal of time, exertion and imaginative minds.Geoffrey Randall listed the accompanying that brands can profit the clients: †¢ Identity: the brand must recognize itself obviously and unambiguously, so name, lawful assurance and plan components are significant. †¢ Shorthand synopsis: the character should go about as an outline of all the data the customer holds about the brand. [†¦] †¢ Security: purchasing a recognizable brand ought to be consoling. The brand should ensure to give the advantages anticipated. †¢ Differentiation: the brand should obviously separate itself from its rivals, and show purchasers how it is novel. †¢ Added esteem: the brand must offer more than the conventional product.These are only the five significant things, however there are con siderably more that brands can do to clients. Clients disparage brands for a few reasons, for example, trust, impulse, saw quality, information and picture. Clients like to attempt new brands however once they previously discovered one that is an ideal fit for their taste, all things considered, they will adhere to that brand for a specific timeframe. It may not be everlastingly, however, that they will simply go with one brand, except if the brand continues rehashing itself and consistently keeps awake to date with the present market demands.Thus, it is significant for showcasing individuals or brand chiefs to consistently be refreshed with the most recent pattern and be proficient on what clients need. These days, any industry, any market is dynamic to the point that changes happen from time to time. Being consistently on top of it on all market refreshes is basic for all organization proprietors and officials. Marking, surely, has a great deal of good advantages to the clients. I n any case, with all the upside comes the drawback of marking, for example, cost, time and trouble in reexamining the brand.For an organization to set up a brand, a ton of cash is required. From innovative work, application, testing, up to at long last showcasing the brand, an enormous venture is certainly expected to guarantee everything turns out to be easily. There are likewise times when brands will in general as of now have a fixed picture which makes it hard for organizations to go amiss a bit (I. e. including another result of various kind) and still keep up customers’ trust in the brand. Reevaluation is one factor to keep the prominence of the brand and make purchasers love it as time goes by.However, when individuals previously got so used to what the brand brings to the table, it might be hard to expand the brand which may make another picture for it. Time is one more enormous venture required in thinking of a brand and promoting it. Thinking of a decent brand and m ake individuals love it doesn't occur without any forethought. These things, however, would all be able to be justified, despite all the trouble in any case when there is a strong arrangement on the table and a successful group chipping away at it. Sorts of Branding There are various kinds of marking procedures that are received by various organizations relying upon how they need to be known by the market.Among these marking types are the accompanying: †¢ Unique Branding †‘A interesting marking system permits an organization to rule an item territory by building an effective brand that represents only a certain something. Such a brand can regularly get interchangeable with the item. ’ A genuine case of this marking system is Procter and Gamble. This monster organization makes a wide scope of items. Every one of those items has its own image name, for example, Ariel, Pantene, Pringles, Pampers, Head and Shoulders, and significantly more. These brand names have been mainstream and have just been related to its single kind of product.But behind those commonly recognized names, there is only a solitary organization getting a charge out of all the achievement. With this marking technique, organizations can think of same item types and market them with various brand names. Be that as it may, ‘it takes a noteworthy interest in time, cash and exertion to build up another brand. ’ †¢ Corporate Branding †This marking methodology is by one way or another something contrary to special marking. The organization has distinctive item contributions however all utilizing a similar brand. A case of an organization utilizing corporate marking system is Apple.When clients are as of now acquainted with the brand, it is simple for them to disparage new item arrivals of the organization. When the organization as of now has the customers’ trust, it can concoct new items and not experience issues advertising it. Discharging another item utilizing corporate marking takes essentially lesser time and cash than special marking. Be that as it may, organizations utilizing this marking procedure ought to likewise be mindful so as to keep up the nature of their item as a disappointment of one may influence the whole brand. Additionally, scope of items might be restricted in order to maintain a strategic distance from clients questioning the company’s devotion to its unique item line.†¢ Range Branding †This is a blend of the two previously mentioned marking techniques. A solitary organization makes at least two brands relying upon the market needs and customers’ existing discernment to its unique image. A genuine case of an organization that used range marking is Toyota. The organization Toyota thought of Lexus, another brand of vehicles however intended to be showcased to the upper cultural class. Toyota chose to do this since individuals as of now have the impression of Toyota being a reasonab le brand and the vast majority of its customers have a place with the center class.Using a similar brand to arrive at the privileged might be hard for them as their unique image was at that point generalized. Marking Methods Development of brands should be possible in various manners. Marking begins in distinguishing a striking brand name which may speak to the qualities of the item; or it might be a name that is anything but difficult to recollect. It requires some investment before organizations can think of a brand name that will be discharged in the market. On the more imaginative side, organizations likewise think of logos related with their image name.Logos assist organizations with drawing in more clients who will likewise will in general recall the brand better due to the visual portrayal. Brand names and logos are significant parts of marking in light of the fact that those are the things that truly speak to the item. Be that as it may, there is a whole other world to marki ng than simply those portrayals. Marking ought to likewise occur inside the organization. The workplace and culture of the organization ought to likewise agree with what it is attempting to advance. Officials and all representatives of the organization likewise speak to the brand. They should exemplify the company’s and the brand’s convictions, strategic vision.In short, representatives ought to have the option to â€Å"live the brand. † For instance, in a cheap food chain advancing snappy, mouth-watering food in a hurry, the staff should go about as brisk as conceivable yet at the same time treat clients well indeed; bundling ought to be sufficiently tough and truly implied for individuals who like eating while at the same time moving; machines and types of gear ought to be proficient to satisfy every day needs. The general procedure in making the item and conveying the administration sh

Friday, August 21, 2020

Free writing journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Free composing diary - Essay Example Connie’s endeavor to turn into a youthful hot lady pulled according to Arthur Friend. What's more, when he moved toward her at home, she got terrified on the grounds that he was not the youngster he advised her to be. Likewise, his quiet voice and cajoling appeared to be unreasonably incredible for Connie. Also, when he disclosed to her that he will hurt his family, Connie’s fear drove her to come out of the house and go to him. Oates made an away from of one potential situation of teenager’s fun turned out badly. Rather than simply giving her the energy of a mystery life, her endeavor to look and become an increasingly adult and hot lady drove her to harm’s way. This story was in a decent perused for young people as well as it was additionally an exercise. It might be fiction however it very well may be genuine for certain young people. It brings out pictures of savagery, even assault. Despite the fact that there were no express articulations that demonstrated there was viciousness or wrongdoing that occurred, the pictures that Oates portrayed implied that there was something that happened to Connie, something startling. It may have been in her psyche just yet it recommended that her experience with Friend obliterated her endeavor to outline her two unique sides. The story left us with the exercise that young people, same as Connie’s age, need legitimate direction to keep them from goin g down an inappropriate

Friday, May 29, 2020

Health care Finance Coursework - 275 Words

Health care Finance (Coursework Sample) Content: Running Head: HEALTH CARE FINANCEHEALTH CARE FINANCEName:Institution:Nursing is a health profession that entails the shield, advancement, and optimization of wellbeing and capabilities, inhibition of ailment and hurt, mitigation of anguish through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and encouragement in the upkeep of persons, families, societies, and populaces (WHO, 2002). Owing to the critical role nurses play in the health sector, it's therefore impossible to underrate their contribution in the health wellbeing of persons, families and communities at large. They institute health promotion activities that elevate the health standards of the communities they serve. Health promotion activity refers to the efforts tailored towards assisting people to intensify regulation over their wellbeing and its elements, and thereby improve their health. This paper tries to explore how physical activity can be integrated in the health practices by nurses and the strategi es of formulating the same, resources, costs and the effectiveness of the same.One of the major causes of poor quality life in the human society is the lack of enough physical activity, leading to some avoidable diseases and early deaths (Hagberg Lindholm, 2005).With the increased engagement in commercial and corporate activities, most people rarely find time to engage in physical activities which has made them vulnerable to many diseases and infections (Hagberg Lindholm, 2005). In view of this, the nursing fraternity saw it wise to put in place promotion of physical activities among the populace. The effectiveness of promotion of physical activity in health care can significantly contribute to lowering costs of health related expenses (Hagberg Lindholm, 2005). In implementing the same a number of resources have to be pulled together. Below is a sample budget of the costs involved in implementation of such a project.Budget for physical activity health promotion in the communityIT EM QUANTITY COST( $USA dollars) per item Total Building 3 467,000/= Land 0.5 hectares 5,470,000/= Vehicles 10 units 300,450/= Gymnasium weights 200sets 3,000/= Exercise bicycles 250 units 45,000/= Instructors 30 50,000per month Electricity connection Once 100,000/= Water connection Once 64,000/= Office furniture 26 sets 39,000/= Nutritionists 5 120,000/= per month Advertising 3weekly publications1 year Mass media campaigns 5,600 per week140,000/=per month Nurses 100 120,000/=per month Legal fees Once 97,000/= Miscellaneous costs 204,000/= TOTAL COSTS Fixed expenses are costs incurred by individuals, organizations, institutions or governments that do not change from time to time. They enable people to manage their budgets better as they reduce uncertainty ( Hagberg Lindholm ,2006) In the above budget the costs of paying the instructors, nurses, advertising are all examples of such expenses. Variable expenses on the other hand refer to costs that adjust according to the levels of income (Hagberg Lindholm, 2006) .The more income or activity engaged in, the more, the variable expenses. In this sample budget variable expenses include; water bills, electricity bills and advertisement costs. Controllable expenses are costs that can regulated by or restrained by administration. These are costs that can even be carried forward to be attended at a later date. In this programme some of the controllable expenses includes, costs of hiring nutritionists, instructors, entertainment allowance for the workers and even cost involved in transport and movement. Unrecoverable expenses that would be incurred if the programme was not implemented include costs incurred in buying ...

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Our Country Biggest Problem Conformity in Politics

Our Country’s Biggest Problem: Conformity in Politics In our nation’s history we have had some great politicians who not only did their duty in their office, but cared about the people they were serving in office. But in today’s society, we don’t really see that anymore. We see politicians doing whatever they have to, to win over their people, instead of caring for their needs. Many politicians go vote within party lines, which just causes more problems than it helps! Not only do we see this in our leaders but we also can find it in the people interested in politics or care about the future well-being. We see many people, when it comes to issues important to them just going with the side that they are told benefits them rather than finding out what is best for them on their own. In â€Å"Self Reliance† Ralph Waldo Emerson argues that if we are to trust ourselves rather than others, we can be happier than those than conform to how society wants us to live. One point Emerson makes in this work is that. We see a vast majority of politicians conforming to their parties’ ideas rather than going with what is best for their constituents. Our government is probably the most conforming thing we have today in the United States. Today, our government has become one of the most hated things in our country, due to the politicians lying about almost everything. We see them promising one thing for the people of their district, state, nation, etc. and then later in their term, break thatShow MoreRelatedThe First Challenge : The Separation Of Powers1376 Words   |  6 Pagesof Powers, is that our currant system of government is inefficient, unresponsive, and unaccountable. That separation of powers has divided and produced perpetually stalemated government, which is incapable of addressing important problems affecting a majority of the citizens. He views the need for separation of powers as antiquated, and a major obstacle to achieving democratic government in the twenty-first century. He sugges ts we adopt a Parliamentary system in order to solve our Pandora s Box likeRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be 18957 Words   |  4 Pagespositive results. The reality is that turning 21 is one the biggest binge drinking holiday adults have. Lowering the drinking age would reduce the intensity of having to wait three years to legally drink after becoming a legal adult. Conversely, since the installment of the age limit, there has yet to be unanimous conformity. If a teenage wants to drink, there isn’t much holding them back from doing it. Binge drinking has been a major problem across the nation. College officials are adamant aboutRead MoreAmongst The Time Of American History, Liberty Has Been1499 Words   |  6 Pageshe took people’s rights away due to the fact that liberty was living by the word of God. Winthrop’s idea of liberty is new to the term liberty that Americans know and believe in, during this time period. Many colonists came overseas because of the problems that were occurring in Britain. This lead to the colonist finding themselves in a difficult situation and dealing with a tyrant in the new land where they have just arrived. In this essay, you will be able to see James Madison’s and Thomas Jefferson’sRead MoreFailure of Democracy in Pakistan1801 Words   |  8 Pages since its day of inception, has faced several challenges to establish a true democratic system, which could guarantee its survival, stability and development. Unfortunately, the plant of democracy has not t aken its roots deep enough to make the country, â€Å"a durable democratic state†. Pakistan was conceived on the Islamic ideology which is truly democratic both in letter and spirit, but we remained incapable of sticking to the guiding principles of Islam. 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Learning how to adopt this comparative assessment allows us to access â€Å"a world beyond our own immediate sphere†¦ where we can discover radically different ways of life†¦ and how we developed our own valuesRead MoreEssay about Deviance4960 Words   |  20 Pagesand power. Control is exerted through a variety of institutions run by and for the elite (Mass media, education, religion). It is those who are in power who define what is seen as deviant behaviour. Robert Merton strongly believes that the problem of deviants is created by a social structure that presents the same goals to all its members without giving them equal access to achieve them. According to Merton it is this lack of integration between what the culture expects and what the structureRead MoreCulture and Music of the 70s Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesIran Contra. These issues swept headlines and ingrained people’s thoughts. Social issues also played a big role in the developing culture of the seventies. Protests and constant outbreaks about gay rights and women’s rights seemed to overtake the country in storm. Later in the Decade the social climate changed to a celebration of the Past and a can-do attitude. Political and Social climates had an overbearing influence on the attitude that was being developed throughout the seventies. This climateRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Mcdonald s Marketing Strategy3432 Words   |  14 Pageson a short-term or pe rmanent basis. In this essay, the popular and famous brand, McDonald s to analyst the marketing strategy in his international business, which will include how this corporations overcome the political, cultural and economics problem in the overseas market (Ross, 2011). The structure of the essay is as follows: Firstly, the industry overview will be presented to describe the fast food industry development situation. Secondly, brand overview will be presented to introduce theRead MoreThe United States Red Cross3389 Words   |  14 Pagesevery day. With nearly 600 branches across the U.S., the Red Cross has a link in every community; together with the international Red Cross associates, they are part of the biggest relief system on the globe. For more than 130 years, the United States Red Cross has been assisting others regardless of where they live, across the country and all over the globe. The Red Cross asks individuals to be part of their team by making contributions, assisting out, giving blood vessels or taking a category (Krumpe

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Evolution VS. Creationism - 1412 Words

Since the beginning of the human race there has been a lingering question as to the origins of man and how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its answer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire universe, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all living things have the potential to change and grow over time into something new and different. So in other words, one theory suggests that humans and all the organisms on Earth are the result of divine design, while the other indicates that they†¦show more content†¦Every one of these flaws points out that the Creationists theory that the Earth, all of the organisms on it, and everything that surrounds it has not changed or been altered since the flood is inaccurate. Biogeography f or example shows that â€Å"closely allied† species have a tendency to live on the â€Å"same continent†¦ or within the same group of oceanic islands†¦ despite their species-by-species preferences for different habitats, food source, [and] of conditions of climate† (Quammen 4). The explanation for this is that â€Å"they descended from common ancestors† and this can be verified with the paleontology flaw because that flaw deals with the fossils of plants and animals â€Å"that had [either] become extinct or that still existed but in different forms† which indicates not only that organisms have changed over time, but also provides evidence that â€Å"closely allied† organism have lived in the same areas of centuries (Quammen 4; Parks 24). Then in the taxonomic classification flaw these â€Å"closely allied† spices can be â€Å"systematically classified, according to their shared similarities† which, suggests that â€Å"c losely allied† organisms descended from common ancestor because of the traits and similar organs that allows this type of classification (Quammen 5). The presence of these similar traits and organs introduces the flaw of vestigial characteristics because although some of these do not have any currentShow MoreRelatedEvolution Creationism Vs. Creationism924 Words   |  4 PagesAny point of contact with the scientific world in the 21st century will eventually lead one to the one of the most hotly contested topic in American education, that of evolution versus creationism. While the creationist point of view, as well as the evolutionary perspective, hosts a great variation of opinion amongst its supporters, Christianity is brought to the center stage time after time (Vuletic, 1994). Literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis’ account of creation falls contrary to theRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead More Evolution vs. Creationism Essay917 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topicsRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Where we come from is a question as old as mankind itself. There are countless numbers of religions, each with their own twist on the origins of earth and mankind, but one of the most highly visible debates would be creationism vs. evolution. Depending on where your beliefs lie, the Earth has been around somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000 years to 4.5 billion years. One would tend to believe that this vast differe nce in time would make it impossible to have 2 â€Å"theories† thatRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pages Where do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreEvolution Vs. Creationism Debate1265 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be explaining two sides of the evolution vs. creationism debate. The topics I am going to write about are fossil evidence, the origin of life, and Darwin’s â€Å"theory† of natural selection. I will be presenting a view of both sides of the argument they will be on the creation side and evolution standpoint. I would suggest that you, the reader, would have a previous knowledge of all the topics so that you may get a full understanding of both sides. If there is no prior knowledgeRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesassumptions with empirically deduced scientific theories. The Catholic Church had a nasty habit of persecuting such ideological dissent toward creationism, calling it heresy and thereby somewhat suppressing a complete upheaval of the Scriptures. For many centuries to come, the scientific research grew and developed into theories like the Big Bang and evolution, though primarily in places where such progress was tolerated. The state of Tennessee in 1925 was not such a place. In the town of DaytonRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages Creationism is the theory that man, the earth, and the rest of the universe was originally created rather than randomly exploding from nothingness into chance existence. We reside on the surface of a small superbly crafted, autonomous self regulating space vehicle. Together with survival, conquest and death w e bear witness to beauty, fragrances, love and music. Think about this. Mathematics, philosophy, springtime, depravity, farming, courtship, quasars, and iphones; all came from nothingness?,

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Julie Dowling Art Essay free essay sample

Dowling is one of Australia’s best known contemporary artists. Born in 1969 as a white-skinned Aboriginal in the Perth suburb of Subiaco and growing up in the outer bushland suburb of Redcliffe, Dowling faced many rejections and abuse throughout her childhood which is conveyed in her artwork. As an artist, Dowling concerns herself with the ideology of Aboriginal identity and their ancestors’ perspective of Australian history. Consciously merging the art styles of European and indigenous conventions into her work, Dowling establishes the links between her background and that of her relatives. Dowling draws upon many experiences, but mostly from what she describes as â€Å" a culturally disposed family.. † Julie Dowling, being apart of the Badimia language Aboriginal group, having a single mother, and living of welfare payments, is a product of generations of displaced and rejected women and thus through her artwork highlights the issues which were faced by thousands of aboriginal women through the â€Å"White-Australia† period. As an artist, Dowling incorporates different concepts to convey her ideas, including Renaissance art and Western Art. Her work is strictly intimate and therefore the meanings conveyed are often easy to make sense of. Dowling’s work has been described as ethnography, recording the injustices and discrimination against Aboriginal people. As part of her art education, Dowling was awarded a Diploma of Fine Art at Claremont School of Art in 1989, a Bachelor of Fine Arts at Curtin University in 1992, an Associate Diploma in Visual Arts Management at Perth Metropolitan TAFE in 1995 and Honorary Doctorate in Literature (Painting) from Murdoch University 2002. Throughout her career, Dowling has exhibited her works at national and international levels, which include art galleries such as notably at Art Fair Cologne in 1997, Beyond the Pale: Contemporary Indigenous Art. 3) Julie Dowling uses events of the past and particularly the history of Aboriginal women in Australia to give meaning and inspiration to her work. Relevant events to her artwork include those such as; the â€Å"White-Australia† policy, and the Stolen Generation, as both these events altered the way of life for thousands of Aboriginal people and their children. Dowling states that one of the main reasons for her interest in portraiture begun when her family started to look for missing members of the family, whom were taken as part of the Stolen Generation. The Stolen Generations are known as the Aboriginal children whom were taken away from their families by governments and churches to be brought up in institutions or fostered out to white families, as part of a scheme to assimilate and ‘civilise’ Aboriginal children into the white community. It was not until 1969 when this policy was ended. Another event which is clearly evident in Dowling’s work is the everyday discrimination against Aboriginal people which occurred in the past. â€Å"Dowling’s paintings assert her Aboriginality, connecting the past and the present and keeping alive the oral histories of her people. †-anonymous art critic. Through this comment, it can be established that Dowling is able to convey her stories clearly and without confusion. It reinforces that her focus is upon sharing the perspective of her people and Aboriginal community. 4) Due to the fact that Julie Dowling is part of the Social-Realism movement, her work mostly reflects upon social and cultural issues in relation to Aboriginal people of Australia. Since the 90’s, Dowling’s work has resembled many issues including the disregard for Aboriginal woman, the general abuse and rejection of Aboriginals, the degradation of the Aboriginal culture and the land which was stolen from them. These cultural issues can be seen in works such as; â€Å"Walyer†2006. The artwork is a painting of a famous Aboriginal resistance fighter, whom was kidnapped during her childhood, and then sold, and became the first Aboriginal woman to shoot firearms. The artwork demonstrates the cultural frame of Aboriginal versus European, as it can be seen in the artwork that Walyer is pointing to European settlements, presumably challenging the social issue of disregard to the Aboriginal women. ) â€Å"Uncle Freedom† by Julie Dowling was created 2000. The painting was completed with acrylics and red ochre on canvas, with dimensions of 100 x 120cm. The artwork consists of a monochromatic colour scheme, with different shades and tones of blacks, greys and little white. Within the centre of the composition is a human figure, with traditional Aboriginal features which is demonstrated through the facial features and little clothing. The man appears quite strong as his muscles are quite defined. Chains leading from the right and left foreground, are wrapped and tied around his neck in a constricting manner. Also in the composition, is two heads with distinct and detailed facial features, placed on either side, behind the front figure. Emphasis is placed on the main figure due to the colour contrast between the highlighted tones on his body, and the darker colour of the background. Movement has been created in the piece through the organic and flowing lines of the chains. Dowling created unity in the artwork through the repetition of the human figures and the organic lines which are visible within them. Dowling uses various symbols such as the chains and spears to communicate the story of the man. The symbolism of the spears can be interpreted as if the figures in the background are looking over and protecting the captured man. The use of organic lines and shapes add to the reality of the painting. The painting is visually balanced symmetrically as the two men and two chains are in equal on the sides and to the man in the centre. In my personal opinion, i believe the painting effectively conveys the idea of being captured, and in a wider context, that it is a reflection upon the treatment of Aboriginal people during the settler years of Australia. Through the symbolism of the spears and traditional attire of the men, it can be concluded that they were in battle, presumably a fight for their rights. As the men in the background are faded, it can resemble past ancestors of the man in the foreground, looking down on him and protecting him. In conclusion, I believe that Julie Dowling was able to create a very powerful piece as well as a ethnography of her ancestors experience, illustrating the injustice which was done to them, throughout the history of the colonial period of Australia. Another artwork by Julie Dowling, communicating the story of her community is â€Å"The Ungrateful. † 1999, synthetic polymer paint, oil and gold on canvas. 100 x 120 cm. The composition of the artwork consists of three Aboriginal children depicted in â€Å"Western clothing†, placed next to a white woman. The children consist of three little girls and a boy. The background is composed of Indigenous Aboriginal dot painting. Emphasis in the artwork is created through the colour palette, as the children’s faces contrast against their white attire, and the woman’s skin tone is contrasted against the darker tone of the children and therefore the viewer’s eye is simultaneously drawn to all the figures. The balance within the composition is asymmetrical as the artwork visually weighs more to the left due to the fact that the figures are larger in size compared to the figures on the right-hand side. Dowling creates juxtaposition in the artwork through the use of colour, line and shape which differs between the Aboriginal children and the European female. In my personal opinion, the painting resembles the stolen generation. This is due to the fact that the children are placed by the side of a white lady, and that they are dressed in Western clothing and there is no sign of their traditional customs, which leads one to believe that they have been taken from their roots. Symbolism such as the attire of the children, can be interpreted as if the children have become civilised and pure according to the western society, who removed them from their parents. ( due to the colour white association. ) The artwork also reflects the hurt and injustice that the children witnessed through the incorporation of the emotionless and sad faces, which is a contrast to the stereotypical â€Å"young and happy† emotions usually associated with children. I like the way in which Dowling has communicated the idea of the Stolen Generation through the cleverly created juxtaposition between the two cultures. The painting is part of the Social-Realism movement as it comments upon an issue which has had great impacts on many people. Through the title â€Å" The ungrateful† two possible meanings can be detained, but personally, i believe that the title reflects upon the view of the Aboriginal community, and sharing their view of un-appreciation to the Europeans for stealing and causing grief to so many of their children. Through selecting Julie Dowling as my art-case study artist, i have grown to like her work and the ways through which she communicates her ideas. I am able to identify with some of her works about the cultural differences which Aboriginal and European people experienced in the past, as being an immigrant to Australia, i have also experienced many social differences and can therefore relate to the confusion of the early Aboriginal people. I have been inspired by Julie Dowling in both my artworks. In my sculpture peice, she had inspired me to comment upon the different social stereotypes of people around the world, and their values and attitudes, similar to the way in which she tries to communicate the perspective and story of her ancestors and family’s. Inspiration for my painting has also been drawn from Dowling’s work â€Å"Uncle Freedom†, as through the piece she illustrates the constraint which was put upon her ancestors. Similarly in my piece, I want to illustrate the constraints i felt growing up in South Africa, and then finally â€Å"breaking through† upon arrival in Australia.

Friday, April 17, 2020

My Religious Belief System Essays - Belief, Epistemology, Truth

My Religious Belief System My Religious Belief System My religious belief system is embedded in Christianity. I was born into a family who worshiped as Methodist and I am still Methodist. Growing up my mother not only sent us to church, she went with us along with my grandmother, aunts, uncles and cousins. Even though my father did not attend church often, he believed in God and supported my mother's desire to have her children in church. The neighborhood I grew up in consisted of a great deal of my mother's family and everyone served at the same church, right there in the community. My religious beliefs, directed my life in the sense of keeping my family close, taking my children to church, and teaching them the right way. I remember before my baptism, my pastor explained to me the importance of being baptized and partaking in communion. The first time I accepted communion at the age of 12, I felt like I was receiving a part of Jesus in my body as protection against anything and everything. Later, I learned the real reason for communio n is repentance and the need for forgiveness. My nurturing from church became an ethical path growing up. Without this direction in my life, a number of things I have experienced would probably cause me to detour too another way of thinking and doing things. My definition of a religious belief system is believe in God, involving yourself in worship and praise services and comprehending and living by a standard outlined by the word of God. In addition to that my beliefs tie in with the definition stated above. I am a Christian and with that being said, I believe in God and his son Jesus Christ. I truly believe Christ is our Lord and Savior who came into existence because of our sins and for that reason, I believe Christ died after he was crucified on the cross and 3 days later, he rose with all power over everything in heavens and earth. I believe Christ died for the sins of the entire world so that every living being may have life and live it more abundantly and when the time comes for our bodies to return to dust or dirt then our souls will join him in heaven if we believe he is Lord. From what I read and from what I am constantly learning from the Bible, I grasp what is required of me as an individual and as a Christian in associa tion with my conduct, meaning the way I behave toward others, and so forth. The Bible is an excellent guideline of what God expects us to do. By now, it seems obvious what I believe and it appears to be apparent that my belief system is absolutely a religious belief system. I pray constantly without ceasing for my children, my entire family and everyone I consider crucial to me. After analyzing my belief system, I grew into different facets of my religious belief system through phases of my life. For example, I knew several prayers at a young age but I did not understand how crucial prayer was concerning my religious beliefs. I recall as a young girl being on my knees along beside my grandmother saying my prayers. I remember her teaching one prayer for night and one for the mornings. Even as a teenager, I realized some of the proper characteristics of my belief system but being young in mind I did not always adhere to that belief. I always knew deep inside because of what my belief is that some things I will not do. I do not consider myself a saint and I have made some terrible decisions but not to the point where I ig nored my conscious which convicts us. Now that I have reached adulthood and I have experienced other things like marriage, having children, and coping with tragedies the significance of my belief system advanced and I know today I am almost whole. The benefits and disadvantages of acquiring my belief system are a distant stretch. The benefits of my religious belief system is knowing God always watches over me in spite of my faults and

Friday, March 13, 2020

Meursault as The Stranger essays

Meursault as The Stranger essays Meursault as The Stranger The way a person reacts to ordinary situations determines the opinions of others based on their behavior. Yet, when this behavior is abnormal or different from the rest of society, it causes society to form an opinion based totally on a persons behavior not their true personality. In Meursaults case, his strange opinions and unexpected remarks put him in this position, without ever really giving him an opportunity to be truly understood. However, Meursault cannot change his actions and behaviors from the past, therefore making him responsible in the society he freely chooses to live in. Meursaults complete indifference to society and human relationships causes him to appear as the actual stranger with those he encounters, which eventually leads to his incarceration and inevitable date with the guillotine. Meursault is definitely a man who is set in his ways. He has his own opinions and outlooks on life and because of that fact he is constantly reminded of his inadequacies within society. His refusal to look at his mother one last time after she had passed away seemed pointless to Meursault at the time, where as the funeral director viewed this as extremely odd: We put the cover on, but Im supposed to unscrew the casket so you can see her. He was moving toward the casket when I stopped him. He said, You dont want to? I answered, No. He was quiet, and then I was embarrassed because I felt I shouldnt have said that. He looked at me and then asked, Why not? but without criticizing, as if he just wanted to know. I said, I dont know. (Camus 6) The difference of opinion between Meursault and all of society, but in this example the funeral director, brought about a feeling of inadequacy to Meursault and an appearance of him as a stranger to society....

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Strategic Management Case Study of Disney Paris Essay

Strategic Management Case Study of Disney Paris - Essay Example On the contrary, when the Euro Disney went on line, it was welcomed with both fanfare and protests by the French. France wanted to have Disneyland in their country competing with Spain. After satisfactory negotiations with French Government, Disneyland decided on setting up the theme park near Paris. In 1989 when the contract was formalised, the mood was upbeat and the country was contemplating on making large tourist money by drawing crowds to Paris. But once the construction work started and the employees of nearly 10,000 were called for interviews, it was found that the Euro Disney will continue to be more American than Europe or even French. The company started making record losses for the next five years before turning green. This case study is about the circumstances that led to this failure and the steps that were taken at that time. We will also discuss the steps that need to be taken in the future to ensure smoother and substantial progress in the working of the Paris Disney . Companies work as large distinct social systems adapting to the cultural background they develop in and thrive. National cultures are the major sources from which the corporate cultures evolve and develop (Frost et al, 1991). 1. Euro Disney's Plan and Actual The company had the following plans and targets in place with respect to the flow of funds and patronage for the company: 1. Tapping the large 16 million populations who lived with in a radius of 160 kms from the site was a major attraction for the management of Euro Disney. The Europeans received longer vacations and summer vacations compared to the Americans which should be resulting in better results. 2. The company targeted to get 11 million visitors in the first year of operation. 3. The company had an ambitious plan for capital investment. During the first phase of the construction the Magic Kingdom Theme park was done. Following this, Disneyland was to have its second theme park adjacent to the first one, the Disney-MGM studios. 4. The company targeted to have an average spending of USD 33 would be done by every guest. 5. Labour costs were expected to be maintained at around 13% of the sales figures. During the roll out of Euro Disney, the average daily inflow of visitors to the park was at around 30,000 visitors in the summer months of the inauguration. However, over the entire year the flow of people dipped down during the winter months and the company had only about 9.8 million visitors for the entire full year in contrast to their planned target of 11 million visitors. In most of the other Disneyland in Florida or in Tokyo there were a number of people who stayed back in Disneyland hotels. These were not the day visitors but 'period-visitors'; whereas in the case of Euro Disney there were more number of day-visitors than period visitors. This meant in addition to the number of people who are visiting Disney land being less, the amount of money each one of the visitors will be spending is also going to be less. It was found that it was almost 10% less than what was expected out of them. In addition, the labour costs that were estimated to be around 13% rose to over 24% of the sales figures. This also meant that the company was facing an acute financial crisis in less than one year of its operations. Most of the companies are expected

Monday, February 10, 2020

1. Describe briefly the roles of the different parts of the eukaryotic Essay

1. Describe briefly the roles of the different parts of the eukaryotic cells endomembrane system in the production and excretion of proteins - Essay Example The endoplasmic reticulum ensures quality control of the proteins and at the same time provides a point of accumulation of storage proteins. The reticulum is then mandated with the duty of transiting already made proteins to the Golgi apparatus (Gupta, 2009). The nuclear envelope also has some ribosomes and is responsible for newly made Glyco- proteins. The Golgi apparatus undertakes the function of making, modifying as well as binding proteins (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). This is due to the nature of its enzymes’ modification, hence known for carrying out for sulfation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation of the proteins (Karp, 2010). Some modification activities act as signals directing proteins to their respective locations, which are plasma membrane, lysosome, or for secretion (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). Lysosomes contain a variety of digestive enzymes and are responsible for digestion of proteins. In plants, vacuoles correspond to the lysosomes of animals (Karp, 2010). Prot eins that move to the plasma membrane form the lipid bilayer. They act as membrane proteins besides having varied roles in their respective locations in the cell (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). They regulate chemical reactions in the cell as well as uptake of molecules. They also act as carriers of molecules across the membrane and provide anchorage too. From the Golgi apparatus, there is a constitutive secretory pathway used to export the secretory proteins continuously to the extracellular matrix (Karp, 2010). Some cells however have a guarded secretory pathway. Some cells secrete regulatory proteins like hormones whereas others secrete digestive enzymes, anti -bodies or mucus (Karp,

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Trends in Hiv Prevalence Essay Example for Free

Trends in Hiv Prevalence Essay ABSTRACT HIV prevalence in the world is becoming increasingly high. As of mid-1998, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to spread unequally around the world. In many cities in sub-Saharan African countries more than a quarter of young and middle-aged adults are infected with HIV, whereas in most developed countries, the number of annual AIDS cases continues to decrease. The status and of HIV epidemics in most other areas of the world remains uncertain because of inadequate data on the prevalence of HIV-risk behaviours. Hence, this paper presentation seeks to examine the trends of HIV prevalence across the world taking all the continents into consideration. INTRODUCTION HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus, and like all viruses of this type, it attacks the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn part of a larger group of viruses known as retroviruses. The name lentivirus literally means slow virus because they take such a long time to produce any adverse effects in the body. They have been found in a number of different animals, including cats, sheep, horses and cattle. However, the most interesting lentivirus in terms of the investigation into the origins of HIV is the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that affects monkeys, which is believed to be at least 32,000 years old. It is now generally accepted that HIV is a descendant of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus because certain strains of SIVs bear a very close resemblance to HIV-1 and HIV-2, the two types of HIV. HIV-2 for example corresponds to SIVsm, a strain of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus found in the sooty mangabey (also known as the White-collared monkey), which is indigenous to western Africa. The more virulent, pandemic strain of HIV, namely HIV-1, was until recently more difficult to place. Until 1999, the closest counterpart that had been identified was SIVcpz, the SIV found in chimpanzees. However, this virus still had certain significant differences from HIV There are a number of factors that may have contributed to the sudden spread of HIV, most of which occurred in the latter half of the twentieth century and these includes: * Blood Transfusion * Drug Use * Mother-to-Child Transfusion ORIGIN OF HIV The origin of AIDS and HIV has puzzled scientists ever since the illness first came to light in the early 1980s. For over twenty years it has been the subject of fierce debate and the cause of countless arguments, with everything from a promiscuous flight attendant to a suspect vaccine programme being blamed. The first recognized case of AIDS occurred in the USA in the early 1980s. A number of gay men in New York and California suddenly began to develop rare opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment. At this time, AIDS did not yet have a name, but it quickly became obvious that all the men were suffering from a common syndrome. The discovery of HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, was made soon after. While some were initially resistant to acknowledge the connection (and indeed some remain so today), there is now clear evidence to prove that HIV causes AIDS. So, in order to find the source of AIDS, it is necessary to look for the origin of HIV, and find out how, when and where HIV first began to cause disease in humans. In February 1999 a group of researchers from the University of Alabama announced that they had found a type of SIVcpz that was almost identical to HIV-1. This particular strain was identified in a frozen sample taken from a captive member of the sub-group of chimpanzees known as Pan Troglodytes (P. t. troglodytes), which were once common in west-central Africa. The researchers (led by Paul Sharp of Nottingham University and Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama) made the discovery during the course of a 10-year long study into the origins of the virus. They claimed that this sample proved that chimpanzees were the source of HIV-1, and that the virus had at some point crossed species from chimps to humans. Their final findings were published two years later in Nature magazine. In this article, they concluded that wild chimps had been infected simultaneously with two different simian immunodeficiency viruses which had viral sex to form a third virus that could be passed on to other chimps and, more significantly, was capable of infecting humans and causing AIDS. These two different viruses were traced back to a SIV that infected red-capped mangabeys and one found in greater spot-nosed monkeys. They believe that the hybridisation took place inside chimps that had become infected with both strains of SIV after they hunted and killed the two smaller species of monkey. They also concluded that all three groups of HIV-1 namely Group M, N and O (see our strains and subtypes page for more information on these) came from the SIV found in P. t. troglodytes, and that each group represented a separate crossover event from chimps to humans. It has been known for a long time that certain viruses can pass between species. Indeed, the very fact that chimpanzees obtained SIV from two other species of primate shows just how easily this crossover can occur. As animals ourselves, we are just as susceptible. When a viral transfer between animals and humans takes place, it is known as zoonosis. The most commonly accepted theory on how zoonosis took place, and how SIV became HIV in humans is that of the hunter. In this scenario, SIVcpz was transferred to humans as a result of chimps being killed and eaten or their blood getting into cuts or wounds on the hunter. Normally the hunters body would have fought off SIV, but on a few occasions it adapted itself within its new human host and became HIV-1. The fact that there were several different early strains of HIV, each with a slightly different genetic make-up (the most common of which was HIV-1 group M), would support this theory: every time it passed from a chimpanzee to a man, it would have developed in a slightly different way within his body, and thus produced a slightly different strain. An article published in The Lancet in 20044 , also shows how retroviral transfer from primates to hunters is still occurring even today. In a sample of 1099 individuals in Cameroon, they discovered ten (1%) were infected with SFV (Simian Foamy Virus), an illness which, like SIV, was previously thought only to infect primates. All these infections were believed to have been acquired through the butchering and consumption of monkey and ape meat. Discoveries such as this have led to calls for an outright ban on bush meat hunting to prevent simian viruses being passed to humans. Others theories include: * The oral polio vaccine (OPV) theory * The contaminated needle theory * The colonialism theory * The conspiracy theory Four of the earliest known instances of HIV infection are as follows: * A plasma sample taken in 1959 from an adult male living in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. * A lymph node sample taken in 1960 from an adult female, also from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. * HIV found in tissue samples from an American teenager who died in St. Louis in 1969. A 1998 analysis of the plasma sample from 1959 suggested that HIV-1 was introduced into humans around the 1940s or the early 1950s.   In January 2000, the results of a new study16 suggested that the first case of HIV-1 infection occurred around 1931 in West Africa. This estimate (which had a 15 year margin of error) was based on a complex computer model of HIVs evolution. However, a study in 200817 dated the origin of HIV to between 1884 and 1924, much earlier than previous estimates. The researchers compared the viral sequence from 1959 (the oldest known HIV-1 specimen) to the newly discovered sequence from 1960. They found a significant genetic difference between them, demonstrating diversification of HIV-1 occurred long before the AIDS pandemic was recognised. The authors suggest a long history of the virus in Africa and call Kinshasa the â€Å"epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic† in Central Africa. They propose the early spread of HIV was concurrent with the development of colonial cities, in which crowding of people increased opportunities for HIV transmission. If accurate, these findings imply that HIV existed before many scenarios (such as the OPV and conspiracy theories) suggest. Until recently, the origins of the HIV-2 virus had remained relatively unexplored. HIV-2 is thought to come from the SIV in Sooty Mangabeys rather than chimpanzees, but the crossover to humans is believed to have happened in a similar way (i.e. through the butchering and consumption of monkey meat). It is far rarer, significantly less infectious and progresses more slowly to AIDS than HIV-1. As a result, it infects far fewer people, and is mainly confined to a few countries in West Africa. In May 2003, a group of Belgian researchers published a report18 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. By analysing samples of the two different subtypes of HIV-2 (A and B) taken from infected individuals and SIV samples taken from sooty mangabeys, Dr Vandamme concluded that subtype A had passed into humans around 1940 and subtype B in 1945 (plus or minus 16 years or so). Her team of researchers also discovered that the virus had originated in Guinea-Bissau and that its spread was most likely precipitated by the independence war that took place in the country between 1963 and 1974 (Guinea-Bissau is a former Portuguese colony). Her theory was backed up by the fact that the first European cases of HIV-2 were discovered among Portuguese veterans of the war, many of whom had received blood transfusions or unsterile injections following injury, or had possibly had relationships with local women. TRENDS IN HIV PREVALENCE Since 2001, MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have included HIV testing in 31 countries. In 13 of these countries testing has been included in two surveys, which provides an opportunity to examine trends. However, trend data must be viewed with caution, as only some changes are statistically significant. Trends in HIV Prevalence In the charts below, changes in HIV prevalence that are statistically significant are marked with an asterisk and a star.   While it may appear that HIV prevalence has decreased in most countries, these decreases are only statistically significant in the Dominican Republic, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Tanzania, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. This means that in these countries, the change is large enough that it is unlikely that the decrease is due to chance alone; it probably represents true change in the HIV prevalence in the population. In some countries, such as Tanzania, the decrease is statistically significant for the population as a whole, and for men, but not for women. In Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and Zimbabwe, HIV prevalence has decreased among both women and men. DHS surveys have not detected any change in HIV prevalence in Mali, Senegal, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Lesotho, or Zambia. What does this mean? Because HIV prevalence is a measure of all HIV infections in a population, a decrease in HIV prevalence could indicate that fewer people are becoming infected, and/or that more people with HIV have died in a population. Similarly, an increase in HIV prevalence could point to more new infections, and/or could indicate an increase in HIV-positive individuals living longer on anti-retroviral therapy. TRENDS IN HIV PREVALENCE IN ASIA PACIFIC REGION With over 60 percent if the worlds population, the Asia-Pacific Region presents a wide diversity of HIV-related risk environments, in terms of behavioural, political and cultural factors. Within the framework of this diversity, there has also been a wide range of HIV epidemics and responses, both across and within countries. It is not therefore possible to present a simple analysis of the actual and potential occurrence of HIV infection in this vast region. Our understanding of the HIV epidemic and its determinants in the Asia-Pacific Region has improved substantially over the past 3-5 years, as a number of countries have implemented comprehensive surveillance systems for HIV prevalence, and sexual and injecting risk behaviours. Despite these advances, a number of countries still have a limited capacity to assess the occurrence of HIV infection and related behaviours, and to monitor the impact of interventions. A recent factor of importance in the Asia-Pacific environment has been the economic tumult of the past year. While various predictions have been made of the potential impact on the HIV epidemic, it is not possible to state with any certainty whether their net effect will be to increase or decrease the incidence of risk behaviour or HIV transmission. Since extensive HIV transmission has been a very recent phenomenon in a number of Asia-Pacific countries, there has so far been little experience with the care and support of people with HIV-related illness. Apart from Australia, Thailand and Japan, few countries have a healthcare workforce, which is adequately prepared to care for substantial numbers of people developing HIV-related illness. Without simplifying too much, it is possible to classify the differing patterns of HIV transmission into broad categories, based on available surveillance data. In Australia and New Zealand, the virtually all HIV transmission has been through sex between men, and the incidence of transmission via this route has long been recognized as having declined substantially in the 1980s. In a few countries, such as Thailand, Cambodia and parts of Myanmar and India, heterosexual transmission has been extensive, mediated through large-scale sex industries but extending now to the regular partners of sex workers male clients. Some countries have HIV epidemics among injecting drug users (IDU) with limited associated heterosexual transmission. These include countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and some areas of India and China. Other countries have limited, but well documented spread of HIV infections, such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea. Several countries have not reported substantial numbers of HIV infection, but do not appear to have comprehensive, ongoing surveillance systems. Papua New Guinea, Pakistan and Bangladesh are countries which may have a substantial risk environment, and need to strengthen their surveillance activities. The analysis of HIV epidemic trends in the region becomes more meaningful when a focus is placed on populations whose cultural and social affinity and networks transcend geopolitical borders. A new geography of HIV/AIDS in the region then emerges that helps recognize the foci of intense HIV spread. These include large metropolitan areas in western and southern India (Mumbai, Chinnai); the India/Nepal border area; the larger Golden Triangle, which reaches out to northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar, but also encompasses the areas of Manipur in India and Yunnan in China; and the Mekong delta area, which includes Cambodia and southern Vietnam. To gain better understanding of the dynamics of HIV epidemics, factors of affinity between populations as well as mobility patterns must be explored and mapped out.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Impact of Supplementing the Diet with Extra Creatine :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Proffesor’s comment: I was very pleased by how thoroughly this student delved into the topic of creatine supplementation for this literature review. His initial draft was organized in a way that indicated he had control of the material and was able to put it together logically . He showed a strong sense of his audience’s needs by grouping the results of the research articles under clear topics. Introduction The human body uses creatine phosphate to produce ATP, the primary energy supply for working muscles. Creatine phosphate is formed through an enzymatic process from creatine, which is composed of the amino acids arginine, methionine, and glycine. Creatine is produced primarily in the liver, but may also be made in the pancreas and kidneys. Humans both metabolize and synthesize approximately two grams of creatine a day, therefore maintaining homeostasis. Creatine can also be consumed in certain foods. The richest sources are found in animal proteins such as red meat and fish. However, concentrations in these foods are relatively low: one pound of red meat contains about two grams of creatine. Researchers have found that supplementing the diet with extra creatine, beyond what the majority of people ingest from their everyday diets, can produce significant effects. Creatine supplementation can have potential benefits on body composition, athletic performance, and disease conditions. However, an optimal protocol for supplementing creatine has not yet been discovered. Creatine supplementation has sound possible short and long term side effects. A greater overall understanding of creatine supplementation will aid individuals and physicians to make better informed decisions about whether or not to use creatine supplements. Benefits Creatine has dramatic effects on body composition. Subjects who supplemented with creatine increased total body mass and fat-free mass while fat mass remained constant (Kreider et al., 1998; Grindstaff et al., 1997; Volek et al., 1997). Three mechanisms are responsible for this change. First, consuming excess creatine results in greater intramuscular creatine stores (Casey et al., 1996). Water accompanies this excess creatine into muscle cells. Thus, more water can be stored within the muscle. Second, protein synthesis may be enhanced due to the increased muscle cell volume. This enhancement may lead to accumulation of protein within the muscle fiber. Finally, since creatine phosphate produces ATP, the amount of energy stored within the muscle is increased (Casey et al., 1996). This increase may lead to an enhanced capacity for workouts that use ATP as the primary energy source, such as short duration, intense muscle contractions as in weight lifting.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

“Taking Responsibility”

Robbery, rape, assault, murder, theft, and vandalism: These are just a handful of the crimes committed by children today. Whether the crime be violent or non violent, the crime rate of adolescents under eighteen has increased. Crimes like these have caused people to ponder the question: Should parents be responsible, legally and financially for crimes committed by their children under eighteen? Some believe that parents should not be held accountable for the crime their child commits.Others believe that parents should be responsible for their children’s actions. Parents should be held responsible for their children’s crimes because parents should teach their children what is right from wrong at a young age and they should be more involved in their children’s lives and be concerned with the people and places that he or she is associated with. On the other hand, some people determine that if a child under eighteen commits a crime, their parents should not take resp onsibility for it.When parents discipline a child too much, the child is likely to be rebellious and go against their parents’ wishes. There are parents that have done all that they could and in spite of that, their child gets into criminal activity. The opposing view also believes that even when parents are involved in their child’s life, there are other factors that corrupt a child into committing crime. Society and the media have a great influence on how children act. Peer pressure is another factor that may cause a child to commit a crime.Overall, a parent cannot control their child’s decisions and should not be held liable for their children’s actions. Parents should be held responsible legally and financially for crimes committed by their children under age eighteen because parents should teach their children what is right from wrong at an early age. If parents do not discipline their children for doing the wrong thing, how will their children ever learn from their mistakes? (Rhetorical question) Ministers believe that problems on the street often begin at home.When children have a dysfunctional family or bad influences at home, they are more likely to be involved in criminal activity. If the parents set a bad example for their children they are likely to follow it. It is the parents’ responsibility to let their children know what is not right. If parents make the effort to direct their children toward the right path in life, they will not be misguided or end up following criminal activity. (Cause and effect) If parents do not do their job in teaching their children hat is right from wrong, their children will never learn and assume that it is okay to repeat their false actions. Parents also have the responsibility of elucidating what is right from wrong to their children so that their children can grow up to become successful individuals. Parents should be held responsible legally and financially for the crimes their c hildren commit because parents should be involved in their child’s life and be concerned with the people and places that he or she is associated with.Parents should be familiar with their children’s friends because a child is like a parrot; they repeat the actions of their friends and are easily influenced by them. (Metaphor) If a child is friends with someone who is doing drugs or making bad choices, they are likely to be caught following in their footsteps. It would be wonderful for parents to dump their children in the streets, but they should know where their children are at all times. Satire) Parents need to question their children before they go out: they need to know who they are going to be with and where they are going to be. When parents are informed about the places their children spend time they can contact them and there is a smaller chance that they will be doing something illegal. Therefore, parents should be responsible legally and financially for crime s committed by their children under eighteen because as a parent, their job is to make sure that their children are safe and successful.Parents should have a close or good relationship with their children and they should be concerned with their children’s lives. They must also make the time to get to know the type of people that their children spend time with. If parents do this, not only will they benefit, but their children will benefit as well. Parents will be leading their child to live a pleasant life, striding away from crime and toward a better future. (Tone-Positive)

Monday, January 6, 2020

Massive Genocide of Jews - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1704 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? The Holocaust was a massive genocide of Jews that took place from 1933 to 1945, but had everlasting effects on people everywhere. The experiences that these Jews endured were horrific and inhumane. There were many things that led up to this devastating time, many unbelievable stories of oppression, and many people who worked tirelessly to put a stop to it. While so many people played a part in making this genocide happen, it all began with a man named Adolf Hitler. Hitler was living in Vienna pursuing his passion for art when he happened upon politics; this is where he began developing anti-Semitic ideologies. He later moved to Munich, right before World War I began. He served in the war and was injured and taken to Pasewalk to recover. When he found that the Germans had surrendered, he was enraged and believed it to be the fault of the betrayers in Germany that were not patriotic enough. This was a popular belief in Germany and his like-mindedness with the German people would help him rise to power. Hitler joined a group called the German Workers Party that shared many of his anti-Semitic and nationalist beliefs; this group would later be called the Nazi Party. These were his first supporters when he began trying to gain power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Massive Genocide of Jews" essay for you Create order Hitler tried to rise to power and put his beliefs into effect more than once, and ended up in jail for treason after trying to take over with force. In jail, he wrote Mein Kampf, which was a book outlining the way he believed the country should be ran. This book, which gave Hitler the exposure he needed to rise in popularity with the German people, touched on military expansion, elimination of impure races and dictatorial authoritarianism (Adolf Hitler: Man and Monster). While many agreed with Hitlers beliefs, some still wonder how he managed to gain power being the twisted person that he was. Hitler used many tactics of manipulation to win the people of Germany over. He was very charming and had a way with words, which he used to his advantage when he publicly spoke. He used propaganda techniques and played on the fears of the Germans as their economy was on a downward spiral and there were few jobs. As his popularity consistently rose, the president fearfully named Hitler the Germa n Chancellor in 1933. He strengthened his power through the Enabling Act and became a dictator. Once he had the support of the military, he knew that he had finally gained total control. Once Hitler realized that he had finally gotten enough power to put his plan into place, he began taking action towards taking Jews rights away. At first, Hitler slowly took their rights to test the waters; he began by boycotting Jewish businesses, burning their books, excluding them from the military, making it so that the police could not help them, and so much more (Anti-Jewish Decrees). One of many oppressive actions Hitler took towards the Jews was passing the Nuremberg Race Laws in September of 1935. The Nuremberg Race Laws institutionalized many of the racial theories underpinning Nazi ideology and provided the legal framework for the systematic persecution of Jews in Germany; it defined Jews legally as anyone with three to four Jewish grandparents which ended up including many Germans (Nuremberg Race Laws, USHMM). From 1935 to 1936, Jews right to vote was taken away as well as their citizenship in Germany, some Jewish students were kicked out of schools so that they could not continue with their education, and Jews were even banned from many public places in Germany. Still, Hitler wanted to single out the Jews even more and separate them from the Germans as much as possible. In 1938, he made it so that Jews that did not have Jewish first names had to add Israel or Sara to their names so that they were more easily identifiable as Jews. Later in 1938, all of the Jews passports were stamped with a J so that they were even more easily identifiable (German Jews Passports Declared Invalid, USHMM). Year after year, more and more of their civil rights were stripped from them. On the night of November ninth, 1938, Nazis went on a rampage destroying Jewish homes, businesses, schools, synagogues, and even killing around a hundred Jews; this was called Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass. In 1939, Hitler forced all Jews to wear the Star of David, including Jews in any of the territories he had taken over since coming to power. This, again, made the Jews even more easily identifiable in order to target them and make them feel inferior. Eventually Jew s were separated even further from the rest of the population as they were secluded in ghettos. All of these things were tactics used to make the non-Jews feel as if the Jews were not human and less than them to work with Hitlers plan of mass extermination of Jews. Concentration camps were the most memorable and vile way that the Nazis mistreated the Jews. Jews were sent to these camps starting in 1933 and going into full effect in 1942. These camps were where Jews were taken to do hard labor and be exterminated. They were mistreated by the Nazis running the camps and were very malnourished. They were separated from their families in kept in horrid living conditions. Many were killed in gas chambers after being worked to near death. Some managed to make it out alive thanks to a few memorable people who risked their lives for the greater good and some live on today to recount the gory details. One man named Oskar Schindler saved over a thousand Jews from death at a concentration camp. He was a German businessman who gained the trust of German officials over time as he was always a very likeable man. Because of this, the German officials allowed Jews in decent health to work in Schindlers factory; Jews provided cheap labor that he needed at his new business. Schindler gave the Jews safe working conditions and bribed officials to let the Jews continue working for him time and time again when the Jews were to be taken to concentration or labor camps. He eventually convinced officials to make his business a labor camp and kept over a thousand Jews there. He kept them safe from the impending death that undoubtedly awaited them at concentration camps until the end of the war in 1945. Nicholas Winton was another heroic and brave man who saved hundreds of Jewish children during the Holocaust. He was a stock-broker from London who saved hundreds of Jewish children from Prague and Slovakia. He convinced the governments of Britain and Sweden to take in these refugee children, but the governments had a cost. They asked for fifty pounds per child and they asked that he find the children foster homes. He also had to find the money to pay for the transportation of children whose parents could not afford to pay for it. He worked by day and spent the night time raising money to save the children and finding families that were willing to take in these refugees. He hung posters of the children to try to elicit an emotional response from the people of his country whether that be to help out financially or to offer their home to one of the children. Once enough money had been raised, Winton had children transported by plane and train to remove them from harms way and ultimately save over six hundred childrens lives. While the Holocaust seems like a historical memory from the past, many Holocaust survivors are still alive today to share their stories. One resilient woman named Ibi Ginsburg shared the chilling story of her experience at an Auschwitz concentration camp. Ibi grew up in a very accepting community, and had trouble understanding why the Nazis were so very discriminatory towards herself and the other Hungarian Jews she was surrounded by. After being secluded in a ghetto for weeks in March of 1944, Ibi and her family along with many of the other Jews in the ghetto they lived in were told they would be brought to Germany to be put to work; this was a lie told by the Nazis to keep order in the ghetto. Ibi was brought to Auschwitz Birkenau where she was then separated from all of her family but her older sister. She and many other Jews that were sent to concentration camps remained fearful throughout their time there not only for themselves but for their families as they had no idea where t hey were sent or even if they were alive. As for Ibi and her sister, they had their heads shaved, their clothes were taken from them, and they were assigned a number as their new identity. They had small wooden rooms with concrete floors and wooden bunks to call home. They were eventually sent to a labor camp only to be over-worked and under-fed. Finally, in May of 1945, she and her sister were liberated by the Americans and they found that their father had survived as well, but their family was not quite as lucky. Ibis mother and younger sisters were taken to a gas chamber and killed immediately after being separated from their family at the concentration camp. Sadly, this was a common fate for many Jews during this time. Ibi, like many other Jews after the Holocaust, never returned to her home country as she knew many of her friends and family suffered a tragic fate and held too many unsettling feelings and memories towards what used to be her home. (Surviving Auschwitz, HSFA) While the Holocaust was a terrible tragedy that most wish had never happened, it is still a part of history and must not be forgotten, as history stands as a means to teach lessons. One must look back on this horrible event as a mass act of discrimination and note how these acts affected millions of people and still affect people to this day. The Jews went through being treated as if they were not human; they were starved, over-worked, stripped of their basic human rights, and killed. History must not repeat itself and that is the lesson to be learned.